MIGRATION OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND LATER-LIFE DEPRESSION IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA

Abstract Migrating between rural and urban areas over the life course profoundly shapes the conditions of later life. In the Chinese context, living in urban areas with an urban Hukou is associated with socioeconomic advantage. This study is among the first attempt to investigate how migration into urban areas in China is related to these processes and the association with risk of depression in later life by focusing on the timing and the type of migration (rural-urban residential mobility and/or institutional transition of Hukou status) of migration. Using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we found strong associations between migration over the life course and risk of depression in later life in China. The timing and type of migration appears to play an important role. In-situ urbanisation is associated with lower depression scores in later life, and these effects are greater for in-situ urbanisation occurring in middle age compared with young adulthood. Forced urban-rural migration is associated with improved mental wellbeing. Formal social protection, particularly having a private pension, contributes substantially to the mental health advantage of social groups with an urban Hukou. Having an urban Hukou origin has an independent protective role in shaping mental wellbeing in later life in China, potentially partly due to the entitlement to a private pension attached to this status. When informal support has weakened in contemporary China, enhanced formal social protection in the form of adequate pensions should be put in place to mitigate structural inequalities associated with migration in old age.

late-life suicide.This study explored factors associated with SI among community-dwelling older adults with depression by including measures of selected 5D Framework domains and additional factors potentially associated with SI in an explanatory analytic model.We utilized baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial to assemble a cohort of older adults (age 65+) who screened positive for depression via provider diagnosis or scoring ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D).Individuals joining the clinical trial between May 2017-March 2020 completed baseline assessments evaluating levels of depression, cognitive impairment, psychological resilience, dispositional optimism, social engagement, level of financial strain, and educational attainment.Sl was defined as endorsement of Question 9 of the PHQ-9.In the study cohort (N=171), mean age was 73.5 [SD: 5.76], 67.3% female, 92.4% non-Hispanic White, and 18.1% endorsed SI.In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased severity of depression was positively associated with SI (AOR 1.18 [95% CI:1.06-1.31])while higher level of optimism was inversely related with SI (AOR 0.913 [95% CI:0.84-0.96]).No statistical significance was noted for age, gender, education, financial strain, resilience, cognitive impairment, or social engagement.We conclude that optimism is a protective factor against SI, and reporting more severe depressive symptoms represent an important risk factor for SI, among older adults with depression.The relationship and communication between doctor and patient have important implications for the quality of health care received in old age.However, their role in healthrelated anxiety among older patients has received limited attention.In this paper, we explored the association between doctor-patient communication and doctor-patient relationship with health-related anxiety among 661 independent, retirement community-dwelling older adults.The mean age of the respondents was 77.81 years, and the majority (60.54 percent) were women.Our findings show a negative association between health-related anxiety and the doctor-patient relationship (b=-11, p<.05).We also found a negative association between satisfaction with communication and healthrelated anxiety (b=-.09,p<.05).The relationship between health-related anxiety and doctor-patient relationship and doctor-patient communication remains even after controlling for covariates.Older adults who reported better communication and relationship with their physician had lower health-related anxiety.Compared to Blacks, Whites had significantly lower health-related anxiety (b=-.80,p<.05).For every additional chronic condition, health-related anxiety increased by 0.22 (p< 05).Gender, education, and age, however, were not associated with health anxiety.Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that better doctor-patient relationships and communication are associated with lower health-related anxiety among community-dwelling older adults.

IT BOTHERS ME TO ASK FOR HELP: MODERATION OF SELF RELIANCE ON MASCULINE DEPRESSION AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN OLDER MALES
Sabine Lohmar, Jeongwi An, Montgomery Owsiany, Erika Fenstermacher, and Amy Fiske, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States Compared to females, males are less likely to seek help and less likely to be diagnosed with depression despite having depressive symptoms.Masculine depression, a 'masked' depression is associated with greater endorsement of masculine norms such as self-reliance.Self-reliance, or a preference to not seek help from others, is related to suicidal ideation in males.Although death by suicide remains the highest among adult males over the age of 75, research has yet to examine the role that self-reliance has on suicidal ideation in older males with masculine depression.This study examined the moderating effect of the self-reliance subscale of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-30) on the relation between the Male Depression Risk Scale-22 (MDRS-22) and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaires-Revised (SBQR).This study included 214 males aged 65 and older surveyed on Mechanical Turk.A multiple regression analysis indicated that self-reliance moderated the relation between the MDRS-22 and the SBQR (β =.220, t = 2.174, p=.031).Graphical representations of these data indicated that the relation between the MDRS-22 and SBQR was stronger in those with higher self-reliance.Thus, older males with masculine depression may be more likely to endorse suicidal ideation if they endorse self-reliance norms, or are less likely to seek help from others.This study illustrates the importance of self-reliance when understanding older males with elevated suicide risk.Future research should address how other masculine norms influence or explain the relation between masculine depression and suicidal ideation.

MIGRATION OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND LATER-LIFE DEPRESSION IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA
Nan Zhang, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom Migrating between rural and urban areas over the life course profoundly shapes the conditions of later life.In the Chinese context, living in urban areas with an urban Hukou is associated with socioeconomic advantage.This study is among the first attempt to investigate how migration into urban areas in China is related to these processes and the association with risk of depression in later life by focusing on the timing and the type of migration (rural-urban residential mobility and/or institutional transition of Hukou status) of migration.Using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we found strong associations between migration over the life course and risk of depression in later life in China.The timing and type of migration appears to play an important role.In-situ urbanisation is associated with lower depression scores in later life, and these effects are greater for in-situ urbanisation occurring in middle age compared with young adulthood.Forced urban-rural migration is associated with improved mental wellbeing.Formal social protection, particularly having a private pension, contributes substantially to the mental health advantage of social groups with an urban Hukou.Having an urban Hukou origin has an independent protective role in shaping mental wellbeing in later life in China, potentially partly due to the entitlement to a private pension attached to this status.When informal support has weakened in contemporary China, enhanced formal social protection in the form of adequate pensions should be put in place to mitigate structural inequalities associated with migration in old age.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA IMAGE, PERCEIVED AGE STEREOTYPE, AND AGING ANXIETY IN KOREAN OLDER ADULTS Miri Kim, and Soondool Chung, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between media image, perceived age stereotype, and aging anxiety in older adults in South Korea, in order to gain a better understanding of the psychosocial and financial-related anxieties faced by older adults in later life.Given that South Korea is projected to become the most aged nation in the world within 50 years, studying aging anxiety in this context is particularly important.A total of 600 older adults from 65 to 84 years of age were analysed using structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method, using a cross-sectional, secondary data from OO Research Institute of South Korea.The findings indicated that media image was positively correlated with perceived age stereotype (β=.380,p<.001),aging anxiety on financial factors (β=.145,p<.001),and aging anxiety on psychosocial factors (β=.136,p<.01),while perceived age stereotype was correlated with aging anxiety on psychosocial factors (β=.205,p<.001).In terms of indirect effects, perceived age stereotype mediated the relationship between media image and aging anxiety on psychosocial factors (95% CI: 0.034 to 0.121).The results suggest that older adults who encounter more negative images of old age and aging in the media are more likely to develop perceptions of age stereotype, which in turn increases their aging anxiety on psychosocial factors.Practical implementations are suggested to reduce aging anxiety.The study's findings have implications for reducing aging anxiety and understanding the experiences of older adults in the era of population aging.

THE EFFECT OF MEDIA USAGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN KOREAN OLDER ADULTS Miri Kim, and Soondool Chung, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
The current study was conducted to examine the structural relationship between change in the media usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, media use frequency, perception of social connectivity and depressive symptoms among older people in South Korea.The study sought to address the increased use of media among older adults during the pandemic.A cross-sectional dataset with 398 older adults aged 65 to 94 living in Seoul was analyzed using a structural equation model with the bootstrapping method.The findings are as follows.In terms of direct effects, older adults who used more media during the COVID-19 pandemic showed lower level of depressive symptoms (β=-.141,p<.001),older adults who used media more frequently showed an increase in the perception of social connectivity (β=.123,p<.001),and older adults with higher perception of social connectivity showed lower level of depressive symptoms (β=-.371,p<.001).In terms of the indirect effects, the perception of social connectivity had a significant mediating effect in the relationship between change in the media usage during the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive symptoms (95% CI: -0.044, -.001), as well as in the relationship between media use frequency and depressive symptoms (95% CI: -.059, -.033).The findings of the study underscore the importance of social connectivity in promoting mental health among older adults during periods of social isolation and highlight the potential benefits of media usage.Later-life relocation has been identified as an important life event that affects the living environment, social relationships, and daily routines of older adults with subsequent effects on mental health and personality.We explored the impact of relocation on anxiety and personality traits in older adults from China and Europe in two separate studies.,In study 1, we administered the questionnaire to 301 Chinese older adults (Mage=69.51,SD=5.02) who experienced involuntary rural-urban relocation, with 61.8% of them reported severe to extremely severe anxiety.Excessive reassurance-seeking and concomitant negative information bias were processes that contributed to increased anxiety among relocated older adults, which was particularly detrimental for those adults who were otherwise resilient.In study 2, we investigated the differences in personality traits between older adults who moved to nursing homes and those who lived in private housing using data from Wave 7 of the European Health, Ageing and Retirement Survey (SHARE).Reports from a total of 4829 older people living in nursing homes (NNH= 360) and private housing (NPH=4469) were included in the finally analysis.Our results showed that older people who relocated to nursing homes had lower extraversion and conscientiousness, and higher neuroticism.Additionally, older adults' age, gender, health problems, physical activity, community size, and national socio-economic status partly explained personality differences between older adults who relocated and who stayed in their homes.Our findings underscore the importance and necessity of studying advantageous and detrimental effects of late-life relocation, and provide new directions and ideas for future research.